Global Cooperation Essay

Have you heard about global cooperation? Do you know global cooperation is helpful? Nowadays, global cooperation is getting more and more important, they help developing countries a lot. Global cooperation is helpful for poor families, technology trade and tourisms. First, global cooperation gives more job opportunities to the people in developing countries. As we know, some Asian countries have very good human resources, so global cooperation can give the people in developing countries many jobs by working with developed countries. In this situation, poor families can have more chances to get a job and support their children. For example, Children can go to school and learn knowledge, which is very good for developing countries, because knowledge is power. Developing countries need knowledge so they can run their countries better. Secondly, since global cooperation being famous, they can support developing countries by trade high technologies. Developing countries need high technologies, so they need global cooperation and get some high technologies from global cooperation. High-tech can help developing countries a lot. For example, developing countries can save energy and reduce pollution by high-tech. High-tech can protect people’s health who works in high-risk factory. On the other hand, developing countries do not need to worry about pollution and save money from Environmental protection because high-tech can help them a lot. Developing countries need high-tech from global cooperation because global cooperation can help them save energy and save money from Environmental protection. Last but not least, global cooperation works with developing countries can attract more tourists. If tourists caught in some troubles in developing countries, which have connection with global cooperation, tourists will get help much more easier. Because when global cooperation happens, more and more people will learn to speak English and English is very useful nowadays. Tourists can get help from them by communicate in English. For example, if I want to travel to developing countries, I will choose some countries which have global cooperation because I can investigate them first. I will not choose the countries, which do not have global cooperation because it is totally unknown for me and it is very dangerous. Global cooperation can help tourists communicate with local people in a totally unfamiliar country easily. To sum up, global cooperation is good for developing countries. They can help poor families, technologies trade and tourisms. Global cooperation is very useful and helpful, we have to start this process now, and there is no reason to wait any longer.

High school Essay

In ancient India, schools were in the form of Gurukuls. Gurukuls were traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher’s house or a monastery. During the Mughal rule, Madrasahs were introduced in India to educate the children of Muslim parents. British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18th century, with a school for every temple, mosque or village in most regions of the country. The subjects taught included Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Theology, Law, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Ethics, Medical Science and Religion. Under the British rule in India, Christian missionaries from England, USA and other countries established missionary and boarding schools throughout the country. Later as these schools gained in popularity, more were started and some gained prestige. These schools marked the beginning of modern schooling in India and the syllabus and calendar they followed became the benchmark for schools in modern India. Today most of the schools follow the missionary school model in terms of tutoring, subject / syllabus, governance etc.with minor changes. Schools in India range from schools with large campuses with thousands of students and hefty fees to schools where children are taught under a tree with a small / no campus and are totally free of cost. There are various boards of schools in India, namely Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), Madrasa Boards of various states, Matriculation Boards of various states, State Boards of various boards, Anglo Indian Board, and so on. The typical syllabus today includes Language(s), Mathematics, Science – Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, History, General Knowledge, Information Technology / Computer Science etc.. Extra curricular activities include physical education / sports and cultural activities like music, choreography, painting, theater / drama etc.

Sex trafficking of children and it's long term affects Assignment

Sex trafficking of children and it's long term affects - Assignment Example Children who maybe victims of sexual trafficking lack positive peer relationships which provide a platform for development of attitude skills and values and hence should be condemned(Goldstein, and Robert 5) . The act of sexual trafficking on a child leaves him/her psychologically traumatized due to the overwhelming blow of forced sex which leaves the child in a situation of self denial. The human body is made up in such a way that the gangers we experience in life tend to be connected and hence exposing the child to sex trafficking will increase the number danger occurrences in the child’s mind which in turn leads to the child living a life with a lot of fear in them(Haggerty 77). The traumatizing experience of sexual exposure leads the child to developing stressing conditions which lead them to slow remembering and thinking while exposed to situations of danger (Territoand George 89) UNICEF has been in the frontline in addressing the issue by publicizing it so that children can be saved from the act. They have opened help sub agencies in most countries which move across the whole country carrying out investigations and helping the children who open up to them. Other agencies such as the WHO have also helped in dealing with the issue due to the risk it poses on the health of the child (Territo and George 89). UNICEF and other agencies with the help of governments in all countries should publicize the issue so that people get to know the channels of acting when such issues happen. They should also educate people on the effects it has so on children so that those who do it without knowing what it would cause to the child can stop it. Bloom, Sandra. "Trauma theory abbrevated."  HOME - The OpenCUNY Academic Medium.N.p.,  Oct.  1999. Web. 31  Mar.  2014.

Ethics in Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in Electronics - Essay Example In the last few years, electronic engineering ethics have come forward as separate and identifiable fields in applied ethics. Most of the parts and development areas have emerged in USA. Modern electronic engineering declares that engineering ethics involve the part and ways in which an engineer thinks. So, according to this point of view, ethics involve all those activities that are involved within engineering profession. It is a complete process that demands all the technical as well as material knowledge that is not only required but also sufficient for the possible goals. In electronic engineering when we talk about ethics we may see that two attributes play very important role. The first deal with the focus through which activities are carefully associated with the interests of human being. Ethics of engineering practice is generated by shared ideas related to primary activities whether we talk about organizations, designs, constructions or similar terms of the same manner. In 1 994, while talking about ethics related to electronic engineering, Johnson mentioned that electronic ethics include the understanding of societal context in relation to electronics and its designs. These ethics are also important to make students aware about various issues going on especially those professionals indulged in the field of electronic engineering. Moreover, ethics are also developed to make students aware about various sensitive issues while designing electronic devices in their learning process or while working in an organization. Electronic engineering ethics are also developed to give students and professional better understanding about various electronic devices and their usage. These ethics identify the use of devices and how these make impact on society and social environment. Basically, society or social environment is the place where these devices are practically used and implemented. So, ethics prove relation between two. Moreover, ethics in the field of engine ering are also developed to demonstrate the analytical approach and develop conceptual tools for sorting out decisions in various conditions. These ethics further define the impact of electronics in general as well as in specific conditions. However, it is important to understand that engineering ethics do not come or achieve without cost. Many well known ethicists like John Ladd divides electronic engineering ethics into two domains including macro and micro ethics. These divisions of ethics depend on the focus of relationship between engineers and clients or with colleagues and employers. Moreover, these further depend on collective responsibility of profession as a whole. These are known as professional ethics by Ladd. As a whole, we can say that micro ethics deal with the internal issues of the profession whereas macro ethics related to electronic engineering refer the professional attitude and responsibility in broad context including society. Furthermore, when we talk about en gineering ethics, we can see that this deals with the study of moral issues that might be confronted by individuals or organizations that are engaged in engineering. These further include all the questions that were directly or indirectly related to morals, ideas, policies and characters. These ethics identify the relationships of corporations and people that are involved in all technological activities.

Medieval Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medieval Philosophy - Essay Example In his illustrious Proslogion, Anselm longs for seeing the holy face of the Lord, which is, according to the Abrahamic mythology, impossible to do in this life on the earth. Consequently, idea about God can only be conceived and imagined, instead of seeing the countenance of the Lord. The theologian further expands his notion by stating the very fact that though the concept of God is much greater than human power to conceive, it does not put His existence in doubt altogether. Moreover, since God cannot be seen, but can be understood and imagined, it is somewhat a vehemently difficult thing to believe in someone unseen because of the deficient mental and physical faculties attributed to the human beings at large. Somehow, the fool would, according to Anselm, take the concept of God as an illusory matter in nature, which could only be supposed because of the characteristic of His concept, existing in the minds of the people only rather maintaining any reality in its scope. Since God has been in the fool’s understanding since long, but having no clear picture and image related to Him, the fool can understand His concept in the same manner as he conceives about the unreal objects that have no real existence in the world. Thus, having belief in the (Supreme) Being, unable to be conceived, is hard nut to crack for the fool.

Critical Analysis of the Relationship of Poverty and Elderly in the Essay

Critical Analysis of the Relationship of Poverty and Elderly in the United Kingdom - Essay Example ("An Introduction") In 2000, a BBC News report says that there are 100,000 elderly who live in poverty in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 1999. Consequently, the report also states that fewer children live in poverty at present. ("Poverty Spreads") Similarly, the results of the study conducted by the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research in 2006 shows that among the 25 European Union Member states, United Kingdom is one of the identified countries with the highest risk for elderly population. Along with countries such as Cyprus, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, and Greece, the UK ranks first with the largest number of poor elderly. (Zaidi 2006) Due to this reports concerning poverty among the elderly in the United Kingdom, it is deemed necessary to look at the relationship of both areas of social policy. The steady huge increase on the number of the elderly who are experiencing poverty in the UK is a social issue that need not be overlooked. Poverty is defined in a variety of ways. In Piachaud's argument, the definition of poverty is a moral question such that it refers to hardship that is unacceptable. ("An Introduction") Since man's hardship is usually associated with his attitude towards it, how he is able to adapt to this condition, the term becomes a moral issue that leads to poverty being one as well. Pov Poverty can have as many references as possible. However, the most common ones are those that pertain to man's material conditions, economic position, and social position. Material conditions refer to the goods and services that man needs, the multiple deprivation of which, or a low standard of living. Moreover, economic position is associated with the low income (which is dictated by the society), limited resources, inequality, or low social class where man belongs. Man's social position refers to those who are poor - that is having lack of entitlement, dependency or social exclusion. ("An Introduction") Analysis of the Elderly in Poverty in the United Kingdom Welfare state had been a major concern in the United Kingdom during the early years of civilisation. Poverty, which is one of the major and the dominant issue in the society, was the first concern of the government's social policy. Addressing the poverty that the country was experiencing in 1800s, Prime Minister Earl Grey set up a Poor Law Commission in 1833 in order to examine the poor Law system in Britain. In 1834, when the report was published, several recommendations for the Parliament that would address the issues of poverty in the society. Thus, the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed and provided restrictions for the members of the society in order to eliminate poverty. These statements of the act were the following: (a) no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse; (b) conditions in workhouses were to be made very harsh to discourage people from wanting to receive help; (c) workhouses were to be built in every parish or, if parishes were too small, in unions of parishes; (d) ratepayers in each parish or union had to elect a Board of Guardians to supervise the workhouse, to collect the Poor Rate and to send reports to the Central Poor Law Commission; (e) the three man Central Poor Law

Comparing the Cosby Show and Married with Children Essay

Comparing the Cosby Show and Married with Children - Essay Example Moreover the Cosby Show was an effort to promote better social and cultural values while Married with Children took up non-standard topics for its time. Both shows provided enhanced ratings for their host channels and helped to create new trends in entertainment programming on television. The central theme of both shows provides a startling comparison to the way that social existence is viewed in groups with differing cultural backgrounds within the same society. The Cosby Show was centered on the Huxtable family’s life which was portrayed as a well to do African American household living in brownstone (brown collared apartment building in New York) located in Brooklyn Heights. The father was Heathcliff â€Å"Cliff† Huxtable who was shown as an obstetrician as well as the son of a famous jazz trombonist and was played by Bill Cosby. The mother of the household was Clair Huxtable nee Hanks and was shown as an attorney. The family was shown as affluent in order to garner the thought that well to do African American families existed too in prime time television. Before this it was common to portray African American families as blue collar only. Another aspect of the show that made it different was its ability to handle serious topics as well. For example the Cosby Show dealt with the themes of Theo’s (son of the family) struggle in dealing with dyslexia and was inspired by Bill Cosby’s son Ennis who was suffering with the same problem. Another such issue dealt with was teenage pregnancy when Denise’s (daughter of the family) friend gets pregnant. Although these problems were wrapped up in a comedic overtone, however, discussion on these themes showed that the show was in part educational too. It is attributed that Bill Cosby retained a high level of control over the show’s creative direction and imbued educational concepts in it which reflected his background as an educationist. Moreover the entire show was taped in New York in comparison to Los Angeles where most other shows of the time were being taped. Another major difference created by the Cosby Show was its lack of using racial themes unlike contemporary African American comedy shows such as The Jefferson’s routinely banked on racial tones to augment their comedy. On the other hand The Cosby Show did portray African American themes such as that of the Civil Rights Movement in a positive light and it also promoted Afric an American culture and values. The works of myriad African American musicians and artists were presented through The Cosby Show such as the works of James Brown, Jacob Lawrence, Michael Jackson, Duke Ellington etc. While The Cosby Show was praised for promoting African American culture and for portraying successful African Americans, it also came under fire for representing only a certain segment of the African American population. In contrast the show Married with Children featured a Caucasian family at the centre stage as well as their neighbors. The show is based on the lives of Al Bundy who is portrayed as a once famed high school football player but whose luck has forced him to work as a salesman for woman’s shoes. Al has an acrimonious and at times irritating wife Peg as well as an attractive yet â€Å"bimbo† and rather promiscuous daughter Peg and an unpopular son Bud who is intelligent and crazy for girls. The son Bud is portrayed as the only person to have at tended college in the family. On the side are Al’s neighbors Steve Rhoades and his wife Marcy. Later in the series Marcy gets married to a white collar criminal Jefferson D’

Films of Ingmar Bergman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Films of Ingmar Bergman - Essay Example To quote Jesse Kalin: â€Å"Bergman’s subject is not being as such, but the moral world – ourselves as human beings in the twentieth century; what is deepest and most true and essential about us , and what meaning we can find for our lives in the face of the truth..† (.The Films of Ingmar Bergman, Page 1) The existential struggle becomes acute in women as their loneliness is deeper in a male dominated society. How do these women communicate with each other in this world of loneliness? The denial of both sexual pleasure as well as the maternal bliss makes their quest for themselves much more frustrating. Persona (1966) and Cries and Whispers (1972) are two great works of this master that form wonderful examples for psychodrama of the modern life as well as for Meta cinema or self reflexive cinema. In Persona it is a speechless woman who confronts an over speaking woman, who essentially speaks of her dilemmas, which strangely confirms to the dilemmas of the listening silent woman. The film opens with a pre-title sequence of a bewildering Freudian montage of seemingly unrelated images, indicating that it is dealing with dark contradictions and never matching opposites. Of the images in the opening montage, the image of the cinematic projection apparatus with the carbon arc of a projector is repeated in the end of the film as well. .Elisabeth Volger (portrayed brilliantly by Liv Ullman ) is a noted stage actress , who is thirty plus of age and who loses her speech mysteriously in the middle of a performance while she was acting as Electra, the Greek mythological character .After staying in the hospital for a brief period , she is removed to a sea side cottage for psychiatric observation. She comes under the care of a private nurse named Alma (Bibi Anderson ).The nurse opens herself up to the patient and tells her all her frustrations as well as her hopes and dreams. She talks

Historical Themes Schindlers List Essay Example for Free

Historical Themes Schindlers List Essay Light can still be found even in the darkest of times; Oskar Schindler shows this through his actions during the Holocaust. In the novel Oskar Schindler’s portrayed his motives and ways one man can help thousands of the struggling Polish Jews. What he did absolutely contradict what his country and leader wanted; they were planning to eradicate all Jews from the face of the Earth. By using his factory as a place for the helpless Jews to work, he avoided thousands from being sent to the concentration camps where they would work as slaves and eventually die. At first Schindler liked the idea of Polish workers but after he found out what Hitler’s true intentions were he quickly felt remorse for them and determined himself to save as many as humanly possible. He began employing more and more Jews, he saved thousands of lives but ruined his business in doing so. Schindler’s List by Thomas Keneally brilliantly portrayed the courage and human spirit in one man in the midst of terrible evil. Schindler proved the difference that one man can make by using his wit against the Nazis. Without the historical validity incorporated into the novel, the themes and overall story would not be up as great as it is already. Hitler’s Nazi regime ran a dictatorship with Adolf Hitler at the very head of the tyranny. Hitler’s master plan led to hopefully conquering the world and creates his version of society with perfect people and culture. Starting with the invasion of Poland he took Jews from their homes and forced them to do tedious work as slaves in concentration camps claiming that it was for their own protection. He tore families apart, and treated them with indignity in the camps by giving them very little food and forcing public nudity. Entire clans or families died at the order of the Nazis and no mercy could be seen from them as they killed the Jews in ways which would be seen as cruel and evil, even to humans. These events led to the deaths of six million Jewish citizens during World War II. Jews’ murders took place in many various ways; one way was in gas chambers disguised as showers. Corpses and left over residues burned in huge infernos that made it snow ashes of people. Human remains were also being used for the benefit of the Nazis; they used skin and lamp shades, hair as insulation, and skin also as a type of paper. Many Jewish families were desperate to not find themselves in the terrible camps that they did everything they could not to be captured and sent to their demise. Thomas Keneally describes the setting of Germany in the novel very accurately to the time period, and also the social status that some people had at the time. Germans lived being treated very normally by all soldiers of Hitler’s rule, but all others were treated as second class citizens or actually sub human. In the eyes of the Nazis Jews must be the lowest of the low to the, they were considered not as human but as some kind of sub species below all other humans. This aspect that was included in the novel is very true to history in Germany for 1943. Owning businesses or running one was against the law for any Jewish citizen. Many businesses burned down to the ground at the hand of the soldiers, ruining even wealthy land owners and workers. During World War II over six million Jews were killed by the Nazis and that is a fact included into the novel also. After the rest of European Jews heard about the genocide of Jews they and many others began hiding and helped hide people to avoid capture. People did everything to save themselves and others, some hid in the attics of Germans or in the barn of farmers. They started to become desperate to hide; Oskar Schindler used his very own factory where he produced pottery as a way to protect the Polish Jews. Oskar Schindler’s career led him to becoming a business man and entrepreneur in the pots and pans industry. His factory had become very successful because of the labor force provided by the Jews that were crowded into cities by the Nazis. In 1942 the Nazis really did begin to round up all the available Jews into ghettos or slums in the city to contain them like in the concentration camps. At the same time as Oskar Schindler a lady named Irena Sendler helped to save over two thousand Jewish children from the ghettos that the Nazis set up for them. . She and many others helped humanity by using their intellect, courage, and resources. If an event like this happened in any other time period it just would not be the same. Thomas Keneally’s Schindler’s List showed how one person can make a giant difference for many people. His novel’s historical aspects were accurate in most ways, it helped to enforce the themes in the story of the human spirit and one man can make a change. Throughout history it has been proven that if one person does one change it can help thousands of peoples’ lives forever. Adolf Hitler and his attempt to eradicate the Jewish population is the darkest time in history of humanity. But still, light can be found in the midst of total darkness and evil.

Late Adulthood Essay Example for Free

Late Adulthood Essay As we all get older we wonder what is going to happen to us. What does our body go through and why? Do you ever wonder why things happen when you get older instead of happening in your middle age time of life to prepare you for what is coming and help you deal with things a little easier? What happens to your mind and why does it happen? Well, those are just some of the things that go through the people in the late adulthood. Some of the questions are always asked by people that are in their late adulthood. My research is important because, it will help people in the late adulthood better understand what happens as they get older and help the middle age people understand what they may go through as they get older. Everyone’s body ages differently and some just do not understand what can happen or what may happen. To help the people in the world through life a little easier and maybe even give them a chance to get the help they need before it is too late and things get worse or causes more problems with themselves or their families. The study will help us better understand the different life spans of a human through their different stages in life. Help understand why our mind is not as functional as it was in our middle age time. Help understand why our body changes with time. This study will help the people as much as it will help us. We may be able to find a way to help the middle age prevent from going to memory loss and even psychology show them that there is maybe a way to go through a process in their time of age a little easier to where we can keep them from getting an eating disorder and find out why that happens when they get older. This will help us better understand why Alzheimer’s is just a problem and maybe do some research and see if we could understand mentally where they are in the state of mind they in and better understand this disease. This study will consist of talking to different middle aged and late aged people. We will be doing a lot of different memory test as well as psychological tests. The research that I have done so far as far as the middle age as well as the late age group of people and have found it very interesting how to different age groups are going through similar experiences mentally and physically in life with their body as well as their minds and also and most important emotionally. The similarity was very interesting because, I asked a 40 year old person and then asked a 61 year old person the same questions and one being a female and the other a male and the answers were very similar and that is amazing and made me wonder why and how that is. My intent is to find out the why the middle age starts at a certain age and what the difference between the middle age to the late age besides the ages. Why people feel after they get to a certain age they feel their feelings and emotions change. Why do they feel that they are not attractive besides their age? Why do they start losing their memory at a certain age? Why is the depression is so much stronger when they get to the late adulthood and why it starts hitting at the middle age, people start getting scared and feels that their lives are ending instead of making their lives the best everyday they are alive. This study is a long study that will take a while to do. If we do the right test and a lot of observation we should be able to show some progress and theories on why things happen the way they do. This research will help us better understand the different stages of life and maybe help make it a little better for the process of aging and better understand. As people get older they feel that no one understands what they are going through. Well, I want them to understand that there are some people out that are willing to try to understand what they are going through in life as well as emotionally and physically. There are a lot of people that are denying what is going on with them and they are looking for help. Researchers have tried to understand the different stages of life but, that was in the past. There has been a lot of change and a lot more discoveries in the world today and new research and understanding has to be done. So with the new research we do and explore more depth into our research to figure out what wasn’t figured out in the past or figure out what is new and why that happening is will better help the people as well as the future researches that are going to wonder the same things or start were we left off. Do you sit back and wonder why we deny that we are getting older? Why do you think that is? Do you wonder why you get as depressed as you get older and you feel like you are just not you anymore? Do you wonder why your acceptance of who you are is not the same which in return sends you on many other paths in life? With this research it may answer a lot of these questions and maybe even more. There is so much to learn we just need the chance to do it and better understand the life development.

Review The Boer War History Essay

Review The Boer War History Essay The Boer War of 1899 was a dirty little conflict. It started as a result of cultural resentment between the Boers (Dutch settlers) and immigrating British. At first, the war was fought with the honor typically associated with the British, but, in the end, it turned nasty. South Africas Cape of Good Hope was colonized in the 17th century by Dutch Boers (farmers). The Boers used African slaves on their farms. Britain occupied the Cape during the Napoleonic wars and took complete control after the Congress of Vienna. Slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire in 1833. Many of the Boers then decided that they could no longer live under British rule. They began moving northward and soon established two independent republics the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. There was peace between British and Boers until the Boer republics were found to be rich in diamonds and gold. Fortune hunters, mostly British, poured in to stake claims. The Dutch farmers called these people uitlanders (outlanders) and bitterly resented their intrusion. In 1895 the outlanders in the Transvaal planned a revolt against the Boer government. The British Empire, seeing their subjects mistreated, decided to get involved. Leander Jameson, with a small British force, invaded the Transvaal to aid the uprising. The Jameson raid was a total failure. The angered Boers, led by their president, Paul Kruger, began to arm themselves. Militarily, the conflict between Boer and British forces can be divided into two phases: first, a period of Boer commando successes, quickly reversed after the arrival of the main British force in January 1900, which captured the republican capitals between March and June. Then came a guerrilla phase when the Boer forces regrouped after the fall of Pretoria and carried on the conflict for two years before reluctantly accepting peace terms from the British in May 1902 in the Treaty of Pretoria. Though often called a white mans war, this conflict involved the entire population of South Africa in one way or another. Boer women and children who were evicted from farms or villages put to the torch by the British, were either sent to concentration camps where many died from disease, or went to endure the exposure of commando life in the field. African ex-miners and farm laborers were also concentrated in camps, and drawn into labor tasks by the British Army. Boers raided the African reserv es for food. Africans reasserted control over land and livestock previously taken by Boers, and on rare occasions attacked Boer commandos. Martial law was proclaimed step by step across the whole region, and the movements of people were drastically restricted. For African scouts on the British side, or Boers caught in captured British uniforms, punishments were swift and final, while of the 10 000 Cape Afrikaner rebels convicted of treason, a small proportion of those sentenced to death by military courts were indeed shot. Under Gruger*s Republic, Natal and the Cape, two of Britains colonies, were invaded in October 1899 by the Boers. They besieged a British force at Ladysmith. Other troops were pinned down at Kimberley and Mafeking. The second war, which lasted until 1902, was underway. Between September 1900 and the peace of Pretoria in May 1902, Boer commandos fought a prolonged guerrilla war against the British, who responded by putting Boer civilians in concentration camps. Then reinforcements came to the British from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In March 1900 Frederick Sleigh Roberts, the British commander who had been the hero of the Indian mutiny, captured Bloemfontein, capital of the Orange Free State. In June British forces reached Pretoria, capital of the Transvaal. The greatly outnumbered Boers continued to fight under Louis Botha, Christiaan de Wet, and Jan Smuts. Herbert Kitchener, the new British commander in chief, then decided and eventually proceeded to bring the war to an end. He advanced slowly, burning farms and establishing concentration camps for Boer civilians. The camps had a high death rate, due largely to lack of medical services. The Treaty of Pretoria (May 31, 1902) ended the war. The Transvaal and the Orange Free State became British colonies. Both Dutch and English were made official languages. Britain then began to restore the devastated farms of the Boers. The Union of South Africa was established as a self-governing dominion in 1910. The Transvaal and the Orange Free State became provinces of the Union. The first prime minister was the Boer general Louis Botha. Having lost the war, the Boers, however, won the peace. British pro-Boers had undermined the moral complacency of the victors, who decided to grant generous terms to the Boers, in order to ensure an enduring influence in southern Africa. This was largely at the expense of Africans (who were excluded from political power and forced to give back much land retaken from Boers during the war years). Britain implemented this decision from 1906 to 1907, by granting constitutions which gave Afrikaners political of both ex-republics with perhaps more gen erosity than was intended. But they did not object in 1909 when the South African National Convention opted for a constitution which ensured the retention of political power in white (predominantly Afrikaner) hands. The first attempted use of wireless telegraphy in war took place during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902, according to a paper to be presented by Brian Austin, University of Liverpool in England, at the conference 100 Years of Radio sponsored by the IEE in London Sept. 5-7. His account details the early efforts by the British Army and Navy to use the new technology, which had been demonstrated by Guglielmo Marconi in 1896. The State Archives, located here, record that the Krugers Boer Republic placed an order for six wireless telegraphy sets from the firm Siemens and Halske on Aug. 24, 1899. The sets, which cost 110 Pounds Sterling, were supposed to provide communication for the fortifications around Pretoria. They had a guaranteed range of nearly 15 kilometers and used antennas 36 meters high. However, the sets never reached Krugers forces because they were confiscated by customs in Cape Town. Later, British forces tried unsuccessfully to use the equipment supplied by Marconi on the arid inland plains of South Africa, possibly plagued by ground conductivity and the lack of matching resonances of the essentially quarter-wave antennas. The British Navy had more luck after installing five of the sets the army rejected in the Delagoa Bay Squadron. Successful experiments over a range of 85 kilometers were recorded on April 13, 1900, and unsubstantiated claims were made for communication between Delagoa Bay and Durban, a distance of nearly 460 kilometers. Lynn Fordred, curator for the Corps of Signals Museum, said parts from the original equipment are in storage at the School of Signals in Heidelberg. Her research for a book dealing with military communications in South Africa highlights the roles of personalities and the problems experienced in coming to grips with the new technology. While the British Army showed a surpassing lack of interest in wireless telegraphy after their initial failures, Fordred said the Boer forces were unexpectedly progressive in their use of telegraphy and telephone facilities, and even had a telephone exchange at a time when the British Army had none. The concentration camps were places where African and Boer women and children and Boer men unfit for service were herded together by the British army during the War. Many of these people had become homeless as a result of the destructive tactics which the British army adopted in the Transvaal and Orange Free State after the last months of 1900 in order to deprive the Boer commandos the means of subsistence and thus force their surrender. Attempts had been first made to burden the combatants with these dependents in the hope of breaking the morale of the commandos. When this proved unsuccessful, it was decided to house then on-combatants in camps. The first two of these were established, as a result of a military notice of 22 September, 1900, to protect the families of burghers who had surrendered voluntarily. As the families of combatant burghers were also driven into these camps, they ceased to be refugee camps and acquired the concentration camp designation, as did other camps esta blished later in the War. Eventually there were 50 camps, in which about 136 000 people were interned. The families were conveyed to the camps by ox-wagon, trolley or railway train usually in open coal- or cattle trucks without any sanitary arrangements or they even marched on foot. No proper provision had been made for their housing. Numbers of them had at first to make shift in the open until tents were provided, or were held in the camps. Those who did not receive tents were, according to the report of the British commission of inquiry: placed, in every conceivable kind of dwelling, from a church vestry, hotel and store to a blacksmiths forge. In the opinion of the commission some of the places were hardly suitable for pigs. As there were insufficient blankets, clothes and other means of protection, and sometimes not even beds or mattresses, the internees were exposed, especially on the Highveld of the Transvaal and the Orange F. State, to extreme privations which undermined th eir strength, more especially in the case of the large numbers of small children. The food supplies in the camps, which were often established on badly chosen sites and were dangerously overcrowded from the start, was wretched. Not only was the food inadequate, but the quality, especially of the meat, sugar and flour, was at first very poor, while vegetables, fruit and other essential foodstuffs were not supplied at all; consequently, many of the inmates, especially children, wasted away to living skeletons within a few months. One British camp doctor felt compelled to report that, on account of the deficiency in diet the children especially become emaciated and have very little resisting power to disease. The sanitation, too, was very inefficient. No adequate provision was made for the disposal of garbage, and the latrines were so primitive that they became breeding-grounds for germs and areas of infection. So disease, particularly measles, broke out in the camps during 1901 and, a s there were not enough doctors or other medical care, the death-rate became appallingly high. The climax was in October, 1901, when the figure was 326 per 1 000 per year for the Transvaal camps and 401 per 1 000 per year for those in the O.F.S. The reports of camp superintendents as well as those of Emily Hobhouse showed that this was due to the bad conditions, and there was an outcry from the whole world, including England itself. This forced the British government to order a full investigation by a committee of prominent women, and sweeping changes were made in accordance with their recommendations. As a result of these changes, introduced toward the close of 1901, and which included great improvements in housing, sanitation, food-supply, medical attention, and protection against cold, the death-rate immediately dropped and by March 1902, was back to normal. Altogether, approximately 27 927 persons died in the camps 1 676 mainly elderly men, 4 177 women and 22 074 children under 16. An unknown Boer General wrote the following in his diary. The terrible prospectthat the continuation of the war would in that manner eradicate our whole generation, was one of the main reasons why the Boers ceased fighting and acknowledged defeat. It left a deeper impression on the Afrikaners mind than any other event in their history, and strengthened their determination to strive for national self-preservation and the recovery of political independence. The five battles of Belmont (Nov 23, 1899), Modder River (Nov 28, 1899), Magersfontein (Dec 11, 1899), Colenso (Dec 15, 1899) and Spion Kop (Jan 24, 1990) respectively, were all fought on the soil of British South Africa. That this would be an advantage in terms of morale and military maneuver turned out to be a rather foolhardy expectation. The conventional military goals of the overthrow and occupation of the enemy capitals were not pursued, but rather the relief of Kimberley and Ladysmith became the modus operandi of the British forces. Kimberley, because it could have provided a sorely-needed source of capital for the strained coffers of the Boer Republics, and Ladysmith because it would have given the Boer forces a quick road to Durban and more importantly, its seaport, dramatically increasing the chances of foreign intervention. The political ramifications for British prestige throughout the Empire, of the fall of either of these towns were not underestimated by those in Whiteh all. On a basic military level, these campaigns were hardly successful. However, their impact on the war in terms of the subsequent change of official attitude was immense. The Boer forces were not tribesmen fighting on foot with antiquated weaponry. They were mounted and equipped with the latest rifles and artillery from France, Germany and England. Many of the commandos were veterans of various wars against tribes throughout the region. The battles waged after these campaigns were fought with these hard lessons in mind. These stinging episodes introduced the British army to modern warfare and highlighted the weaknesses of the enemy the Boer forces.

Braveheart/ William Wallace :: essays research papers

B. William Wallace 1. What advice does his father give him?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When William is a young boy, his father dies. Shortly after that he has a dream that his father is lying beside him on a table. He dreams that his father whispers, â€Å"Your heart is free, have the courage to follow it.† Keeping this in his mind, William sets out to live his life to the fullest in great memory of his father. 2. What methods does he use to really the Scots against England?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wallace uses his speaking skills to help persuade the Scots to rally for their freedom. He feels that you don’t really live your life to the fullest unless you have your freedom. The Scots have freedom to fight for, unlike the English who only fight for the land. 3. Despite the execution, how does Wallace win the war?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Wallace is killed in the end, he still won the battle that he was fighting. His battle was not only for the freedom of Scotland, but also is living his life to the fullest in his father’s honor. He dies a free man and with no doubts that what he had been fighting for was right. Because of this, he would never give the English the satisfaction of seeing him begging for mercy. Also his impact on Robert the Bruce was great and Robert later led the Scots to freedom. 4. Why do you think Wallace is considered Scotland’s greatest hero?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wallace is considered Scotland’s greatest hero for many reasons. The respect and dignity that he shows is very interesting. He has a great way of leading his people and showing them the way to fight for their freedom. As we found out, he stood strongly for what he believed in until the day that he died. He also never betrayed his countrymen. C. The Message 1. â€Å"Ay, fight and you may die, run and you’ll live. At least for a while. And dying in your beds many years from now, would you be willing to trade all the days for this day to that for one chance...just one chance to come back here and tell our enemies that they may take our lives, but they’ll never take our freedom.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Wallace says this, he is encouraging the Scots to fight for what is going to make their lives happy. He challenges them to take advantage of every opportunity that comes along.

Grinding to a Halt :: American Government Politics Elections Essays

Grinding to a Halt What's the U.S. all about? When asked that question almost everyone I know would reply: "Well, the U.S. represents democracy, capitalism, freedom, etc." The first thing I noticed is that everyone seems to mention democracy first. If you quiz a random American on this, that's probably what they'll think of too. It's also a point of view that might be the source of resentment for many Americans who are unhappy with our government right now. Why would that be? Because the U.S. is actually not a pure democracy, as I'm sure you already knew, but a republic. This means the government is set up in such a way that the people as a whole elect their leaders, those who they think would best represent them, and then those leaders handle the big issues, such as foreign policy, legislation, or legal interpretation. In principle this is a good system, since it would be virtually impossible for everyone in the U.S. to vote on every issue facing our nation. With this vision our forefathers cre ated a strong governmental system, one they hoped would withstand the tests of time. And it has. Until now. Many Americans feel the modern American government is bloated, deceptive and overly convoluted beast that isn't living up to its founding principles. This has become quite apparent in the 2000 Presidential election in which a process that should last little more than a day, the counting of ballots, has lasted more than two weeks. The foremost problem that this election demonstrates very clearly is a lack of any real political direction. Neither candidate, or party for that matter, can presently demonstrate substantial division on major subjects. While the parties generally tend one way or the other on issues, there are no longer strong and fast party-wide philosophies that one can count on. When our Government was first created there were major divisions between the parties of the time. Even up until around WWII both parties had strong separate characters that helped voters in choosing the right person to represent them. Over the last fifty years, however, the parties have started to grow together, neither side feeling safe as the representation of a political or philosophical extreme. Now this move towards mediocrity has finally culminated in one of the closest races for the presidency in U.

The Revolution of 1917: Rights of the Republic

Before the Mexican Revolution, Mexico was technically a republic as it is today, but by the time of the revolution, it was a republic in name only. In the mid-1860s, Mexico fought back against the French colonial overlords and established the country for itself, but the plan only partially succeeded.   Over the next decade, grassroots efforts across the country began to bring equality to Mexico, but instead they delivered the country into the hands of an elected dictator.   In 1876, Porfirio Diaz overthrew the sitting president, forcing him to flee the country and Diaz was named president. Once he had the position, he refused to relinquish it, crushing any who dared to oppose him. For the Mexican ruling class, the period known as Porfiriato was a time of prosperity and peace. There was enormous foreign investment in Mexico and the country was developed from a largely rural economy to a modernized, industrial nation.   Then in 1910, despite Diaz efforts to destroy any opposition Francisco Madero, an academic from one the haciendas of northern Mexico, ran against Diaz. He was immediately jailed by the president and the peasants, sick of being mistreated y the Republic, galvanized behind Madero. The election fraud that had kept Diaz in office was so extreme that officially Madero received only a few hundred votes nationally. Madero worked with church leaders in San Luis Potosi to develop a plan calling on the people of Mexico to take up arms and overthrow the Diaz government. Diaz ordered Madero arrested again and he fled to Texas where he formulated the Mexican Revolution.   Within a year, Madero was sworn in as the new president of Mexico when Diaz resigned in accordance with the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez after he routed the federalist army with the assistance of forces rallying behind Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Before the year was out, Madero and his vice president would be executed a military junta left in charge of the country because Madero refused to enact the property reforms that he had called for when encouraging the people to revolt.   Madero attempted to moderate between conservatives that wanted to keep the status quo and hard-line revolutionaries like the Zapatistas and in the end had no support at all. For the next six years, Mexico’s leadership was in a constant state of flux with the President Venustiano Carranza, a former revolutionary general who overthrew the previous military leader, chased out of Mexico City for two years of his presidency. Finally, he incorporated many of the extreme viewpoints of the revolutionaries in the Constitution of 1917. The constitution is the basis for the current Mexican government. One of the most important provisions of the constitution was that it forbade foreign investors from owning land in Mexico. The provision still stands. The reason for this proviso was the fact that during the Diaz presidency foreign investors owned the great majority of the land, making profits off the work of the local peasants and that Mexico’s oil fields were largely owned by foreign investors as well. Residents of Mexico wanted the income to remain within the country and nationalized all foreign-owned property. The Constitution also severely limited the power of the Catholic Church which had once been almost completely responsible for the education of people within Mexico. President Alvaro Obregon, who was elected to succeed Carranza after conspiring with those who assassinated his predecessor, tried to accommodate all factions of Mexican society including providing better education sponsored by the state instead of the Church and instituting rights for women. It was a bad time to a politician and Obregon was assassinated by a pro-Catholic gunman. That was in large part the beginning of the rebellion of the Church against the new government. The battles in Mexico continued well beyond the end of the war as the separation between Church and State was painful. Supporters of church supremacy began an uprising called â€Å"la Guerra Cristera† (the war of Christ) and estimates are that nearly a million people died in the battles. The battles between the Church and the government continued until 1929 when an end to the armed conflict was negotiated by the American ambassador. Many believe that the true end of the revolution was not until the presidency of Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas, who ran the country from 1934 to 1940 and was the first president to willingly hand over the reins of the government to his successor.   In the meantime, the spiritual base of the national had been destroyed. In 1935, 17 Mexican states were left without a priest and only 334 licensed priests existed within the entire country. Forty were known to have been executed in the wars and hundreds of others fled the country. The reason: the Constitution of 1917. Under the diplomatic settlement, the anti-clerical provisions of the Constitution still stand. Among its provisions are: Article 5 outlawed monastic religious orders. Article 24 forbade public worship outside of church buildings, while Article 27 restricted religious organizations' rights to own property. Finally, Article 130 took away basic civil rights of members of the clergy: priests and religious leaders were prevented from wearing their habits, were denied the right to vote, and were not permitted to comment on public affairs in the press. The anti-clerical provisions of the Constitution are not generally enforced since World War II and the church has regained some of its prominence in the hearts of Mexicans, but not returned to prominence in Mexican politics. Other provisions of the new constitution include the right to freedom of the press, but with the caveat that after publication charges related to sedition and libel can be brought if they are warranted.   The constitution restricts where foreigners can own land, restricts who may be considered a citizen of Mexico and prohibits slavery. It also prohibits extradition of Mexican nationals who have committed crimes in other countries if that may result in the death penalty. The constitution specifically assures citizens the right to life and prohibits the death penalty.   The constitution assures the right of Mexican citizens to bear arms, but only those which have been approved by the Mexican National Army.   It is also one of the most progressive constitutions in the world with relation to worker rights. The Constitution provides that any slave brought into Mexico is immediately freed and offered equal protection under the law. Furthermore, workers are guaranteed the right to an eight-hour work day, a day of rest each work week, and a minimum wage. The Constitution prohibits people who are not Mexican by birth from holding most political offices, running the country’s airports or seaport, or being military officers. It also gives preference in hiring to Mexican nationals over foreigners applying for the same job, assuming that both are equally qualified.   Finally, it prohibits several forms of punishment commonly used in the pre-1917 government and outlaws the concept of a debtor’s prison.   Clearly, the biggest difference between the current Mexican government and the pre-1917 government is the treatment of the workers. Because it was the people, the workers who lead the Mexican revolution, the provisions of the new constitution are designed particularly to protect the rights of the worker.   Workers who rallied behind Emiliano Zapata and the other leaders of the revolution abandoned and executed their leaders when they strayed from the principles of land reform and workers right. Six full years before the November Revolution in Russia, the workers of Mexico began a war to assure that they would have the rights that they needed. The revolution was spurred by the harsh treatment of the peasants and lower class in early years and ended only after the people had their rights secured.

Middle East Women

Jay Sammelmann Dr. Holzhauer UI350-01 4/24/13 Women of the Middle East The women of the Middle East are very interesting to look in to. They are not just another person or treated by the same standards like they are treated here in the United States. There is a lot of controversy and fighting for women’s rights throughout the Middle East. They have an extreme lack of power there and they are fighting to change that. It is not right that women are such inferior people over there because they are no different than any other female in this world.Sexism plays a big role in the Middle East and the women are getting sick of putting up with this treatment. This is a big part of what I will be looking into in the research paper: â€Å"What kind of role do women play in a typical Middle Eastern society? † I will also analyze a typical Middle Eastern woman’s daily life and I will also look into their dress. There dress is unlike any other place in the world. When I see a v eil, I automatically think about a Middle Eastern woman, as the veil is kind of like the symbol of Middle Eastern women’s dress.The first issue I will address when examining women in the Middle East is their rights. I have always been under the impression that women couldn’t do certain things that are freedoms in the United States, like dressing however you may wish, because of their religion. Most women’s religion over there is Islam. Actually through research I have discovered that religion is not what holds back Middle Eastern women. The Quran actually has given Middle Eastern women many important rights that even women here in the United States and the West in general didn’t have until fairly recently when you look back through history.For example, Muslim women have always been able to retain their own assets, while the property of women in England was given to their husbands once they married all the way up until 1882 (Global Connections). Also, â₠¬Å"Muslim women in many countries kept their own last name,† which shows that the men do not just gain â€Å"property rights† over the woman when they marry (Global Connections). The Quran has a lot of proof that religion isn’t the reason that women are fighting for rights in their region. The Quran has listed many freedoms and rights that Muslim women deserve.For example, the Quran instructs Muslims to educate daughters as well as sons and it insists that women have the right to refuse a prospective husband (Global Connections). These are just a few on a long list of rights from the Quran that are overlooked when outsiders view the Middle East. Maybe the most important thing the Quran states is, that men and women are equal in the eyes of God (Global Connections). This proves that religion isn’t the reason women are mistreated, because the rights are listed in fine print inside of their holy book.The traditional culture of the Middle East is the bigger pr oblem with regard to women’s rights in this region, not religion. While women in the Middle East don’t have the fairest rights, they also have had more leadership positions than you may think as well. In particular there have been a fair amount of female political leaders in Muslim societies. Maybe the most important women were those who were the sisters of the Prophet Muhammad. They were extremely important to the early Muslim community because they knew his practice and teachings so well (Global Connections).Muhammad was the most influential person to ever come out of the Middle East, so it was crucial that his practice and teachings be passed on to further generations. Muhammad’s sisters weren’t the only powerful political figures over time in this region. Also, Aisha who is known as the favorite wife of Muhammad was also very influential. Something interesting about her was that she even participated in the Battle of Camel in 656 (Global Connections). Aisha wanted justice on the perpetrators of the assignation of the previous caliph, Uthman (Wise Muslim Women).A women leading in battle was never really seen before and isn’t seen very often today either. This demonstrates the importance of Aisha in Middle Eastern history. Another influential woman in the history of the Middle East was Shajarat al-Durr. She firmly established the Mamluk dynasty that would ultimately repulse the  Mongols, expel the  European  Crusaders  from the  Holy Land, and remain the most powerful political force in the  Middle East  until the coming of the  Ottomans (Wise Muslim Women).Some other female political figures over time in the Middle East are the Sultanate of Women in the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century was a period when several women had enormous power over affairs of the state (Global Connections). Today there is a small, but growing number of women in the parliaments of Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon (Glo bal Connections). In Morocco women have secured 60 out of 395 seats, which may not sound like much, but that is fifteen percent of Parliament (Basch-Harod).The women’s movement campaign’s goal was to secure thirty percent of Parliament, but fifteen percent is a respectable start (Basch-Harod). It is encouraging to see that women are making a difference today as well. Although their contributions may not be the greatest, it’s great to see they are at least getting their foot in the door. These are just a few political leaders throughout time. This shows that women have the ability to gain power in the Middle East if they are put in the right situation.Not only were there some influential political leaders that were women, but there are also some powerful religious leaders as well. One female religious leader that has made a big impact is Rabia. â€Å"She was a freed slave who became a prominent scholar in the eight century city of Bara in Iraq† (Global Con nections). Rabia was the person who first articulated the tenants of Sufism, which is a critical branch of Islam that emphasizes mysticism and a person’s personal relationship with God (Global Connections).She proved to be very influential as she never ended up marrying anyone citing that she didn’t want any distractions from her love for god. Rabia was looked up to by many people in the Islam community. A couple other important role models in the Islam community include Fatima, who was the prophet of Muhammad’s daughter and Zaynab who was the prophet’s granddaughter (Global Connections). This shows overall that women have been able to attain some power and have influence throughout time. I feel like the view of Americans is that women hardly even exist in the Middle East region.While they may not have the same rights and aren’t treated as well as they are here in the United States today, they have proven to have more influence throughout history t han many women. Many women in the United States didn’t have any influence until the 1800s. Women have made significant strides and impacts in the Middle East for many centuries now, which is something to consider before you label Middle Eastern women as virtually nonexistent. One of the first things one notices about a Middle Eastern woman is their choice of clothing.The veil is kind of a symbol of Middle Eastern women. When I see a woman in a veil around campus and all covered up from head to toe, I automatically think it is a Middle Eastern woman. The hijab is the most common type of veil worn by Middle Eastern women. This has either one or two scarves covers the head and neck of the woman (Civic Dilemmas). This is an example of Middle Eastern woman’s modest dress. A few more styles of dress are the niqab, the chador, and the burqa. The niqab covers the entire body, including the head and face, while just leaving an opening for the eyes to see.These niqabs are very p opular amongst the Muslim world in general (Civic Dilemmas). The chador is a full body length shawl that is held together at the neck by a pin and it leaves the face completely visible. This type of dress is most common in the Middle East, specifically in Iran, as compared to the rest of the world (Civic Dilemmas). The last style of dress I will explain is the burqa, which is a full body veil. The woman’s entire face and body is covered and she has to see through a mesh screen over the eyes (Civic Dilemmas).One will see this type of dress most commonly in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Actually for five years in the late 1990s and early 2000s the Taliban regime the use of a burqa was mandated by law (Civic Dilemmas). I don’t think that countries should force anybody to dress a certain way, but I am spoiled by the freedom that I have here in the United States. This just goes to show you how lucky we have it as Americans, that some people like in the Middle East are forced to wear certain clothes.

Ammoco Caediz

On the morning of the 16 March 1978, the oil tanker Amoco Cadiz owned by Amoco Transport Co. suffered a technical failure of the steering system off the coast of Finistere in Brittany, France. The tanker was transporting 227,000 tonnes of crude oil from the Persian Gulf to Rotterdam (Netherlands) when the ship began to drift towards the coastline in a heavy storm. (Tides, 2008). The reason for the steering gear failure was seen to be because of the stormy weather conditions that the ship was facing.At 9:15 the Captain Pasquale Bandari hoisted the international signal for â€Å"Not Under Command. † But he did not request assistance until 11:20, when his engineer determined that the damage was irreparable. Two unsuccessful towing attempts the first a towrope, thrown at 1:30 am, this broke three hours later. Despite all the efforts made by the crews of both ships, the Amoco Cadiz started drifting to shore where touching the bottom ripped open the hull and storage tanks before sto pping on the Portsall Rocks on the Breton coast. cedre, 2008)The crew of the tanker was rescued by helicopter, but the ship broke in two releasing 230,000 tons of crude oil. This spread through the English Channel. The oil spill polluted approximately 300 kilometres of coastline, destroying fisheries, oysters and seaweed beds and also 76 beaches in the Breton community. (Lenntech, 2006) This was seen as the worst oil disaster the world had seen at that time. After the steering had failed the captain had made some unwise decisions that were made under pressure. It took 1 hour 45 minutes before the tug boat was called for.It also took 1 hour 30 minutes to negotiate a towing contract this did not help with the language problems with both parties. The second tow for the ship was very badly coordinated. All of these examples led to the ship splitting in half and losing all of the oil. (Kristiansen, 2005) Having a single propeller and also a single rudder the Amoco Cadiz was at risk of th e steering gear failing. This became a reality when it happened and the crew could do nothing to repair it. The fact was that the crew where ill prepared for the steering gear to fail.If they were more prepared or had two propellers this tragedy might not have happened. (Kristiansen, 2005) BIB http://www. cedre. fr/en/spill/amoco/amoco. php http://www. lenntech. com/environmental-disasters. htm#1. _Bhopal:_the_Union_Carbide_gas_leak http://www. kozacky. com/site/files/789/74616/284382/393597/matter_oil_spill_by. pdf http://www. itopf. com/information-services/data-and-statistics/case-histories/alist. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Amoco_Cadiz http://news. bbc. co. uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/24/newsid_2531000/2531211. stm

Acre Woods Retirement Community

Acre wood retirement community case study Kimberly Woods HSM/230 Axia College at the University of Phoenix Acre wood retirement community case study he resident physical therapist Sara Armstrong manages the retirement communities activity programs, recently a pool was added to its rehabilitation center by they were some original design requests that were not met it has been brought to Sarah’s attention that the safety tread marks on the stairs and the improved wheelchair access to the pool area which were allotted for in planning cost have not been added, when she immediately brings it to the director of the acre woods Mark Adams he basically dismisses it by stating that the residents should simply be happy to have the pool, as well as bringing it to her attention that she has been hired to provide physical therapy only and not to worry about the budget. Question one: what are some of the potential legal and ethical issue’s present in this case study?Answer; Mark Adams should be held responsible for the negligence which has caused minor accidents to some of the residents he should also listen to and acknowledge the need to regulate the safety of equipment installed within acre woods, Sarah has a right to be concerned as part of her job is therapy for the patient’s physical well-being. The legal issues here could present multiple cases of unethical behavior by Mr. Adams part; the ethical issues would be his lack of concern of the well-being of the residents of acre woods which in turn could create multiple lawsuits. Question two: how would you characterize the director’s behavior? Answer to: by the way the paper reads Mark Adams attitude and behavior are unethical and uncalled for as he is the administrator for the facility he should maintain an attitude suitable to that station, his behavior is unjust and critical towards Ms. Armstrong and seemingly uncaring where the residents of the facility are concerned.Question three: Is the dir ector and ethical role model? Why or why not? Answer three: Mark Adams does not show the ethical behavior that would be expected of a role model in the position of director of any facility he seems to be uncaring as well as unconcerned about the well-being of the residents or the concerns of Sara Armstrong. Question four: Were the director’s messages congruent with the organization’s stated mission? Explain your answer. Answer four: No Mark Adams is not being congruent with the stated mission of the organization he does not show concern for the organization nor for its ideals however instead he shows arrogance instead of compassion.Question five: what impact did the director’s actions and attitudes have on the acre woods culture: the director’s actions did not show concerns or the culture of the facility but more towards self-preservation when Sara Armstrong product visitation that if you patients had concerns and were showing fear pertaining to the issue s of the pool wife Mr. Adam should’ve done was to investigate the concerns of the residents as well as ask why the safety equipment was not installed, instead his decision to take the word of Gene Levy who was also a physical therapist at acre woods over that of Sara Armstrong did give Sara cause to bring it into the forefront because of her suspicions of the missing funds where the from the pool project she did the right thing by relating the scandal or her is her opinion of it.

Probate Code Essay

There is significance in property being classified as probate or nonprobate property in terms of the need for probate, creditors’ claims and payment of federal estate and state estate and inheritance taxes is that. If property is classified as probate then that means that it is the decedent’s property that is subject to estate administration by the personal representative. It also means that the probate property is subject to creditors’ claims and federal and state death taxes. Nonprobate property is not subject to probate because it cannot be transferred by will or inheritance. The nonprobate property goes straight to the named beneficiary or to the surviving joint tenant(s) or partners. Nonprobate property is part of the decedent’s gross estate for federal and state death tax purposes; it is subject to federal and state estate taxes and state inheritance tax. 27. Joint tenancy is different from both tenancy in common and a tenancy by the entirety. Joint tenancy is different from tenancy in common because joint tenancy is the ownership of real or personal property by two or more persons with the right of survivorship; whereas, tenancy in common is the ownership of an undivided interest of real or personal property by two or more persons without the right of survivorship. In a tenancy in common, each person has the right to hold or occupy the whole property in common with the other co-tenants, and each is entitled to share in the profits derived from the property. Unlike a joint tenancy, when a tenancy in common dies, the decedent’s interest goes to an heir or as directed in a will. Joint tenancy is unlike tenancy by the entirety. Tenancy by the entirety is a form of joint tenancy with the right of survivorship available only to a husband and wife. It cannot be terminated by one joint tenant’s inter vivos conveyance of his or her interest. Neither one of the tenants by the entirety can transfer the property or sever the tenancy by the entirety without the consent of the other spouse. 28. There are four unities required for the creation of a joint tenancy. Those unities are: unity of interest, unity of title, unity of time, and unity of possession. For unity of interest to exist, each tenant must have an interest in the property identical with that of the other tenants; the interests must be of the same quantity and duration. For unity of title to exist, the tenancy must be created and the tenants must receive their title from a single source, e.g., the same will or deed. For unity of time to exist, joint tenant owners must receive or take their interests in the property together, i.e., at the same time. Finally, for unity of possession to occur, each joint tenant must own and hold the same undivided possession of the whole property held in joint tenancy. 29. An ancillary administration is necessary if at death the decedent-testator owns any real property in a state other than his domiciliary state, and any tangible personal property in another state. The purpose of ancillary administration is to dispose of and distribute that portion of the decedent’s estate located in a state other than the decedent’s domiciliary state. 30. Community property is all property, other than property received by gift, will, or inheritance, acquired by either spouse during marriage that is considered to belong to both spouses equal in the nine community property states and Alaska if community property is elected. Things that would not be community property includes property received by gift, will or inheritance that are acquired by either spouse during marriage, property individually owned by the husband or wife before their marriage, property that is currently separate property and is traded, replaced, or sold for other property and becomes â€Å"new† separate property, and lastly, social security, railroad retirement, and veteran’s benefits.

Small pox and letter bombs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small pox and letter bombs - Essay Example However, in the hands of a terrorist group, the most effective method to cause a massive outbreak would be to launch a covert attack using airborne methods. According to Pavlin (1999), a covert attack that exposes people to the smallpox virus, spores is the most likely scenario the world can encounter in the case of a bioterrorism attack (p. 532). The robust nature of the smallpox virus makes it possible to be disseminated through the air as an aerosol. Thus, chances of the virus spreading from one person to the other through the air are very high. Covert attacks may result in the massive outbreak of the disease after about two weeks of incubation. In order for the potential terrorist to cause a major outbreak of smallpox, they would firstly, weaponize the virus. Weaponization includes making sufficient quantities of the virus in stable forms. Covert attacks would have more effects because the outbreak goes completely unnoticed. The use of air-borne route to deliver the virus is still the most effective because low cost and easily accessible equipment can be used to produce aerosol with small particles. In ideal scenarios, the particles can remain in the air for longer durations and easily enter the lungs of people. Since the method is airborne massive outbreaks may be achieved (Klietmann & Ruoff, 2001). Other than bioterrorism, letter bombs are the other terrorist threats facing people. Historically, the likelihood of a person receiving a letter containing suspicious substances or device is low. However, it is important to remain very vigilant for suspicious packages because they may contain a mail bomb or any other threat. Many indicators can help identify suspicious letters or packages. It is worthy to check the size of the letter or package. Large packages are suspicious of such threat but flat, and thin envelopes may rarely contain the threat of a bomb (Burke, 2006). Checking

Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Plan - Assignment Example injury and death caused or resulted from an auto accident and now a day’s some cars are invented and introduced in such a way that it consist of six or eight air bags. The value of this product is that at the time when the car crashes the momentum of the car changes instantly. The airbags acts as a constraint for helping or assisting the passengers to stop the passengers and also protecting and safeguarding the passengers. The air bag facilitates the passengers from the side swipes of the car , front on collisions etc and the airbags are designed in such a way that it prevents and restricts the injuries that are caused from the severe car accidents. The existence and the presence of the airbags will also influence the secure placement of child and infant. The most essential and the unique feature of the air bags are it transmits crash sensors that indicates and designed in such a way that the vehicle has been damaged in accident. The threat of substitutes of the airbag is that the substitute product and its existence in the market may drive the consumers to switch to the product of its competitors. The substitute product is considered as an alternative of the supply of the product in the market. Therefore the existence3 of substitute is considered as the threat of the company. The seat belt is considered as a substitute of the air bag by some of the customers or the passengers. The customers generally perceive that the seatbelts are designed and introduced in such a way that it provides comfort to its customers and there exist differences in the level of comfort that is being provided by the airbags and seatbelt. The front air bag is not capable of protecting the side and the roll over and the rear crashes. In this case on the basis of such differences the customers generally prefer or select the use of seat belt for the safety and protection for facing these types of crashes. The air bags are designed only to protect or safeguard the frontal crash

The importance of motivating pilots and extending layover periods Essay

The importance of motivating pilots and extending layover periods - Essay Example The years following the launching of the first commercial flights have witnessed many aircraft crashes. Some passengers have also complained of unfriendly and negative services among some crewmembers in the aviation industry the world over. Studies have revealed that a significant number of the accidents and poor services occur due to a lack of motivation and enough rest periods for crewmembers. The crewmembers end up feeling stressed with their work and feel fatigue, which add up to their ineffectiveness at work. Enough rest and proper motivation allows pilots and crewmembers to appreciate their works since they have a normal pattern of sleep, complete flight procedures, and thus, serve passengers well. Allowing flight crewmembers enough rest periods and the right motivational packages will significantly reduce the amount of flight accidents and boost the image of flight companies.Research works strongly suggest that it is important for pilots and other crewmembers to have better tr eatment and allowed enough rest periods to enable them enjoy their work and serve their passengers better. Notably, one of the effective ways of ensuring safety of aircrafts and passengers is a good treatment of employees since human factors are the leading causes of aviation accidents (Hobbs 335). There are several reasons why resting and motivation is important for the flight staff. First, resting enables flight members that operate long distance travels have a normal pattern of sleep and wake hours.

Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Assignment - Essay Example Walker describes the relationship of mother with the daughter that gradually upturned when the mother begins to understand and recognize the thoughts of her daughters, regarding the importance of cultural values. The same theme of parent-child relationship is described in several other narratives including short stories and poems like Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† and Ben Johnson’s poems â€Å"On My First Son† and â€Å"On My First Daughter†. The authors of these work pieces have discussed the intricate relationship of parent and their children in quite different ways, and shows depth and potential involvedness within parent-child relationships. In â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing†, Olsen depicts a mother worried about the thinking style of her child whereas â€Å"Everyday Use† tells about the mother that is happy after realizing that her daughter possesses some true feelings and thinking in her heart regarding the i mportance of cultural heritage. The poems of Ben Johnsons also talks about the parent-child relationship but in a different manner as these are written to depict the sorrow of the parents on the death of their children. The essay describes these literary works to explain the variation in the depiction of a common theme of parent-child relationship. It is unveiled that the parent-child relationship is commonly used as the central theme in various narratives; however, the topic is so deep and multifaceted that the writers have described this theme in distinct styles. It is also unveiled that regardless of children age, position and social conditions the parents always have a deep love, affection and concern for their children shown these narratives in different styles. The short story â€Å"Everyday Use† depicts the intricate relationship between mother and her two daughters. There was disagreement among them over the issue of preservation of cultural heritage that ultimately a ffected their relationships. The mother and both the daughters understand the value for traditions; however, their perspectives about the treatment of the traditional things were different from one another. The story is written in the context of political and social transformation when African Americans were struggling to preserve their cultural values and identities (Bates, p154). The family described in the story had several things that remind them of their African culture roots, while the family members regard these things as their cultural heritage. However, the standpoint of mother and both daughters were different from each other because they view the traditions and cultural heritage in different ways. The mother earlier thought that her alder daughter Dee has the sense of appreciation for the traditional treasures, and that she understands the values of cultural heritage. The younger daughter, Maggie, seems quite insensible to her mother because she thinks Maggie gives no val ue to the traditional things and just regards those as items of everyday use. The relationship of the mother grew differently with both daughters on the basis of the opinions she held for them. The mother believes that the preservation and protection of cultural heritage shows that one should have value for the memories of their ancestors, so

Write up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Write up - Essay Example The focus of the company was to provide an end-to-end package of medical device contract manufacturing services. MDCM was renowned for its ability to produce highly customized versions for unique applications of specialized equipment, self designed and fabricated, used in the assembly of medical devices. MDCM is one of the largest companies in the contract manufacturing and packaging services sector of the medical devices industry. The firm’s success can highly be attributed to its close partnership with its customers that had produced tremendous customer satisfaction. MDCM’s record of winning over customers have led to its tremendous growth which allowed the company to expand and grow its geographical reach through acquisition within the country and now the company derived 40% of its revenues from eight of its largest accounts. Today despite the victory the company has achieved over the past decades, the evolving and unpredictability and high level competency in the global market, the company had announced its fifth consecutive quarterly loss with net losses amounting to thirty three million dollars. Despite the acquisition and expansion the company was not able to catch up to the global capabilities of other competitors that called for changes in growth strategy. The expansions and acquisitions could not be realized since the company has let these companies operate on their own believing that by letting these acquired companies operate on the basis of self autonomy to better cater to the local customers. Thus there was no unified system for the global MDCM Corporation that would have let it operated under one system of standard operations and procedures leading to a worst operating and profit margins. There was poor coordination since the all other companies under the corporation operates independently th at led to poorly controlled unified operations. The MDCM Inc. falls under the quadrant, responsive

Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Relationship - Essay Example Knapp Staircase model classifies and describes the dynamics of, how a new relationship proceeds and how it develops. The model is based on two major parts: Stages of Togetherness Initiating Experimenting Intensifying Integrating Bonding Coming Apart Differentiating Circumscribing Stagnating Avoiding Terminating I met my ex-partner in a family gathering. We both were pushed and motivated by our relatives to put our best impression on one another. She initiated the talk and I approved the sensible approach she had; for most of the things we converse about. Her tense shoulders and a nervous smile assured me that she is also trying hard to make a good impression on me. We dated again to know more, and experimented how we felt about each other. There were differences in our understanding and life style, but we both felt inclined to take it to the next level. Her expression of love was not customary; she liked to enquire for expression of love in return, since I am an introvert person this task was difficult to perform. Though, with time I tried via my actions to assure her of her significance in my life. In intensifying stage, I gave my support, submission, and love though not much verbally; but I proved it by changing my preferences according to her priorities. With the passage of few months, I believe we felt one. Since our relationship was known to all. Therefore, we moved in social gathering as a committed couple. I liked to be known from her reference and relied on her approval more than ever. We used to hang out more and I was not hesitant to show my affection and her significance in my life. In integrating stage, we compromised on the shortcomings and enjoyed our time together. We both wanted a legal relationship and wanted approval from our families to make it a real one. Hence, we declared our engagement and things became very certain for both of us. Our bonding was strong and we both wanted to continue it till the rest of our lives. She planned and decided all the necessary rituals which needed to be performed for the wedding. Although, I am not much of a social wedding person; but I wanted to proceed with her plan because it was pleasing and exciting for her. This is how bonding process becomes more evident and firm when one cares and the other realizes the invested efforts of the partner. Now the next phase of the Knapp’s staircase relationship model entails differentiating, in this stage we both started highlighting the pessimistic personality effects we had. I did not like the interference of her sister’s boyfriend, Jack and her submission to him, and she wanted him to be in all the significant decisions related to our marriage or life. She used to discuss important aspects of our life with him and used to act on his advices or suggestions. This habit of hers annoyed me a lot. Similarly, she disliked my habit of becoming a decision maker in our life. She liked to take decision on her own and when I used to inquire a bout any important aspect, she immediately wanted me to quit the discussion. Later on, we started avoiding conversation on disputable matters. I did not inquire, why did she leave all of a sudden for a trip with her friends, neither she explained me anything. She simply told me she was leaving with her friends as it would be her last trip as a single girl, so I did not comment on the already taken decision. The

Friedrich Nietzsche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Friedrich Nietzsche - Essay Example â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† (1886) is a landmark work by Friedrich Nietzsche, which precedes the final, most intense period of his work, marked by summing up the philosophical outcome of the previous human history and the foresight of the major social and spiritual conflicts of the twentieth century. This landmark work allows to continue the development of the idea of superman using new form of sharpened analytical aphorisms, in which the author focuses sharp critique of modernity - its philosophy, science, art, politics and, the most importantly, morality. Analyzing the work â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† it is necessary to mention that it looks like prophetic work, where the subtitle â€Å"Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future† is no accident, because in his book a German thinker has predicted the coming collapse of European spirituality, and ‘mass uprising’ that followed by the reign of ‘the coming of boor’. He also has predicted levelin g of identity under the banner of universal human equality, and epic struggle for world domination, and totalitarianism as a consequence democratization of Europe. Thus, we see that Nietzsche believes that only a radical reassessment of all European ideals and European morality in general can avoid catastrophic processes of the future. Interpreting main ideas and theories presented in Nietzsche’s prominent work â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† it is necessary to mention that in the understanding of the history of mankind, developed by Nietzsche, in Western culture unfortunate distinction between ‘good’ and ‘evil’ dominates, distinction, which was especially facilitated by a celebration of Christianity. It is necessary to emphasize that the masses, incited by a burning hatred of aristocratic manners which they could not emulate, often with the support of religious leaders, gave themselves vengeful rejection of aristocracy. In the view of Nietzsche, ‘good’ in the distinction between the good-evil emphasis on equality, self-sacrifice, gentleness, humility, compassion, pity, and other qualities of weakness. Such ‘good’ punishes the noble, aristocratic qualities - assertiveness, daring creative originality, passion, thirst for victory, moreover, it (the ‘good’) calls the above mentioned characteristics as evil. The predominance of such representations of evil, as Nietzsche claimed, is responsible for weakness and mediocrity of those who occupy a dominant position. They destroyed those qualities without which life can not be anything remarkable. According to Nietzsche, the decline of modern society suggests that for satisfying the needs of the superiority still too little is done. However, human existence does not necessarily end at this bleak note. Sometimes, considering himself a voice crying in the wilderness, Nietzsche, however, thought that human life is capable of self- expiation going b eyond good and evil. In this case it is possible to say that spirit of generosity - adoption of life, struggle and victory, a passionate desire to excel - these qualities have to be exalted. However, the purpose of Nietzsche is not doubling of the past, but a return of these essential qualities to modern life. Addressing to main Nietzsche’s arguments it seems that there is every reason to see in Nietzsche himself (using his own phrases) a trend to a personal ‘internalization of freedom’

Alice Walker Uses Symbolism to Address Three Issues Essay Example for Free

Alice Walker Uses Symbolism to Address Three Issues Essay Born on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Alice Malsenior Walker was the eighth and youngest child of poor sharecroppers. Her fathers great-great-great grandmother, Mary Poole was a slave, forced to walk from Virginia to Georgia with a baby in each arm. Walker is deeply proud of her cultural heritage. In addition to her literary talents Walker was involved in the civil rights movement in the 1960s, walking door-to-door promoting voters registration among the rural poor. Walker was present to see Martin Luther Kings I have a dream speech. In August 1963 Alice traveled to Washington D. C. to take part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Perched in a tree limb to try to get a view, Alice couldnt see much of the main podium, but was able to hear Dr. Kings I Have A Dream address. (Alice Walker Biography) Walker is a vegetarian involved in many other issues, including nuclear proliferation, and the environment. Her insight to African American culture comes from her travel and experiences in both America and Africa. Walker is an activist regarding oppression and power, championing victims of racism and sexism. After her precedent setting, and controversial thirteen-year marriage to a white, Jewish, civil rights lawyer, Alice fell in love with Robert Allen, editor of Black Scholar. She is currently living in Mendocino, California and is exploring her bi-sexuality. Alice Walkers first novel, The Third Life of Grange Copeland was published the week her daughter was born. Walker received praise for this work, but also criticism for dealing too harshly with the male characters in the book. Walkers best-known novel, The Color Purple won the Pulitzer Prize in 1982, and was made into a movie. Walker was the first black author honored by a Pulitzer. In Celies letters to God, she tells her story about her role as wife, mother, daughter, and sister, and other women who help shape her life. Walker portrays Africa in a positive way, and looks to it as a form of artistic and ideological expression. Walker was also criticized for her portrayal of men, often as violent rapists and wife beaters. Even as she portrays men, often in a bad light, she likes to focus on the strength of women. In her story, Everyday Use Alice Walker uses symbolism to address three main issues: racism, feminism and the black Americans search for cultural identity. The story Everyday Use is set in the late 60s or early 70s and the setting is an impoverished home in Georgia. The critical analysis of Everyday Use from the web site Sistahspace presented the following interpretation: This was a time, when African-Americans were struggling to define their personal identities in cultural terms. The term Negro had been recently removed from the vocabulary, and had been replaced with Black. There was Black Power, Black Nationalism, and Black Pride. Many blacks wanted to rediscover their African roots, and were ready to reject and deny their American heritage, which was filled with stories of pain and injustice. Alice Walker is, as David Cowart argues, [satirizing] the heady rhetoric of late 60s black consciousness, deconstructing its pieties (especially the rediscovery of Africa) and asserting neglected values (Cowart, 182). The central theme of the story concerns the way in which an individual understands his present life in relation to the traditions of his people and culture. (Sistahspace) Everyday Use depicts a poor, illiterate black mother who rejects the shallow Black Power ideals of her older, outspoken daughter, Dee, in favor of the practical values of her younger, less privileged daughter, Maggie. Mama is the orator, and like griots from tribes in Africa, she perpetuates the oral traditions and history of the family. Mamas upbeat self-image in spite of little formal education, leads the reader to feel the intense pride she has in maintaining self-sufficiency. As discussed in David Whites critical analysis of (Everyday Use: Defining African-American Heritage), Mamas lack of formal education does not prevent her from formulating a sense of heritage unattached to the Black Power movement held by her, purportedly educated, daughter Dee. Mamas daughter, Dee (Wangero), has a much more superficial idea of heritage. She is portrayed as bright, beautiful, and self-centered. Maggie is the younger daughter, who lives with Mama. She is scared and ashamed, lying back in corners, cowering away from people. (White, David) (Everyday Use: Defining African-American Heritage. ) Maggie understands her heritage, and appreciates the significance of everyday things in the house. She is uneducated, and not in the least outspoken, and is unable to make eye contact. Maggie has stooped posture and walks with a shuffle, this, combined with her inability to look you in the eye, points to her vulnerability in dealing with newfound black rights. Mamas daughter Dee, who is portrayed as quite successful, has come home to visit and display her new African style heritage. Dee has adopted things African and has changed her name to Wangero. As she handles the everyday articles fashioned and used by previous generations, she believes they should be displayed to her white girlfriends, especially the old quilts made by Mama, her sister and her mother. Mama has promised the quilts to Maggie but Dee says, Maggie does not understand their value and would just put them to everyday use. (Walker, Everyday Use) Mama must decide which daughter should receive the family quilts. Finally, Mama realizes that her daughter, Maggie, has a closer connection with her view of family history than Dee does and gives her the quilts. This is the first time Mama has asserted any authority over Dee. On a deeper level, Alice Walker is exploring the concepts of racism and the evolution of Black Society following the end of slavery, through the era of Martin Luther King, and finally to the Black Power movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Maggie, Mama, Dee/Wangaro and Hakim-a Barber, symbolize this. Mama is illiterate, because her school closed when she was in the second grade. The role of black Americans in the late 1920s is best illustrated by Mamas line, School was closed down. Dont ask me why: in 1927 colored asked fewer questions that they do now (Walker, Everyday Use) When Mama describes the old house, burning down it symbolizes the ending of slavery and the decreed civil rights. The scars that Mammas daughter Maggie, bear are representative of the pain of the past and difficulty in moving from the role of subservience to equality. Maggie has difficulty looking you in the eye just as the American Negro had difficulty moving from the subservient role to peer in dealings with whites. Maggies head down on the chest at first appears as an as shame for her scars from the house fire, but they come to symbolize a person caught in the old black paradigm, unable to embrace newfound freedoms in society. The fire of slavery has damaged Maggie and she resigns herself to a transitional cultural existence, neither old nor new. Mama represents the ideals of Martin Luther King through her dream of going on the Johnny Carson show to meet Dee. She embraces the idea of this fantasy and takes pleasure in replaying it in her mind. Ultimately, Mamma is thrust back to the reality that it will never happen, just as she seems to resign herself to the fact that Kings dreams are not real for her generation but for the next.